tensile fracturetensile fractureTensile fracture: a material failure mode where the shredder shafts pull and tear the feed material apart, dominant at high RPM and low specific loads., cutting regimecutting regimeCutting regime: the operating mode where the shaft blades slice through feed material with a shearing action, preferred for clean fraction output., TCOTCOTotal Cost of Ownership: the comprehensive lifetime cost including purchase price, fuel, wear parts, maintenance, and residual value depreciation., OPEXOPEXOperational Expenditure: recurring costs of running the shredder — fuel or electricity, wear part replacement, scheduled servicing, and operator wages. — wear cassettewear cassetteWear cassette: a modular, replaceable cutting insert set mounted on the shredder shaft. Quick-swap design minimises downtime during maintenance., twin-shafttwin-shaftTwin-shaft design: two counter-rotating shafts equipped with interchangeable cutting cassettes that work in concert to shred industrial waste.